COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

I was thinking about why a c-b a for Covid restrictions would not be valid.

So firstly a look at costs of a lockdown. presumably an economic figure can be calculated with reasonable accuracy (Unemployment and welfare costs plus loss of tax income). Add on reduced tax from firms with reduced capacity (e.g. Airlines). I am sure this is a considerable cost. Then there is the social cost of isolation and measures on mental welfare. And the benefits of a lockdown are much more difficult to calculate – lower costs for NHS. Maybe some small environmental gains. I would calculate the cost of Tier 3 for the whole nation at about £40 billion (back of an envelope).

Costs of opening up economy. Economically it is probably fairer to calculate the reduction in economic costs as there will still be restrictions. Costs of increased pressure on NHS and reduced capacity for other things can probably be calculated – I have no idea of the cost a covid patient per day? Or the economic cost of a death at different ages, or the impacts of long covid. Just as lockdown creates mental health problems, the converse is also true with people being worried about being outside with lack of observance of safety rules. The social cost of deaths is also un-quantifiable. From what we hqve4 seen so far it would seem that any opening up of the economy will be met with a strict lockdown soon after.

Whilst the economic impacts maybe retrieved in the long term, the social costs cannot. Which leads to the final point. Vaccines are on their way – so probably 4/5 months more of restrictions before a return to some sort of normality.

But also remember that the more we intrude into the natural world, the more likely it is that further virus outbreaks will occur (AIDS, SARS, BIRD FLU, etc.).

Maybe it is time to increase the aid budget in an attempt to reduce the discrepancies in wealth between countries. This would reduce the population explosion in Africa and South Asia. In turn this would reduce the environmental pressure on habitats. We should also invest in using our land more sustainably. I feel a new post coming on!

COVID STATS

Again interesting. Areas in Tier 3 with pub shut downs have all had significant reductions in cases. Eastern England has seen big rises – due to shopping? So locked own seems to work, but coming out of lockdown as in Wales seems to have made things worse! 2 weeks is obviously not enough. Should Bristol and North Somerset come down a tier – I would say no. Lets get the rate down to below 50 first.

A GEOGRAPHY OF COVID

The graphs below are fascinating. They show the prevalence of covid geographically. To read full article click here

Graph showing Covid-19 deaths per 100,000 people by area type
Source: ONS data for England and Wales.
Notes: Age-standardised mortality rates with 95% confidence intervals. Area types: 1: Major conurbation; 2: Minor conurbation; 3: Urban city/town; 4: Rural town/city; 5: Rural town/fringe; 6: Sparse rural town/fringe; 7: Village; 8: Sparse village; 9: Hamlets; 10: Sparse hamlets

There are 4 main reasons for these discrepancies.1. Population density. 2. Transport Networks. 3. Crowded housing. 4. Industry and occupational structure.

As the figures show deaths it is surprising to see just how high major conurbation are as they have a generally younger population. The older population in hamlets might explain area 9, although it could also be due to commuting for shopping, work, etc.?

WEATHER PHENOMENA

I find the weather fascinating – some interesting phenomena include the following -look for pictures on YouTube.

St.Elmo’s Fire – Elmo’s fire is sometimes observed at night from the tops of ships’ masts when electrified clouds are overhead. The mast appears to be on fire but does not burn. StElmo’s‘ fire tends to occur toward the end of a thunderstorm.

Haboob – Giant walls of dust that form in desert areas in front of a thunderstorm cell. They are created by downward thrusts of cold air inside the storm cell, which blows sand and dust outward. These events can be seen in places such as the Sahara Desert and southwestern United States.

Broken Spectre – A Brocken spectre, also called Brocken bow or mountain spectre, is the magnified shadow of an observer cast upon clouds opposite the Sun’s direction.

EARTHQUAKES

A while ago I read that earthquakes are more common in the Northern Hemisphere, and in winter due to the transfer of water from oceans to land in the form of snow. In the context of global warming I wonder if there will be any changes?

Will there be less snow with a warming climate, or a different pattern causing isostatic changes (I think this is the correct term). If there is less snow and thus less weight of snow/ice will there be fewer earthquakes? And in the long term will this mean larger stronger earthquakes as smaller readjustments are not made regularly?

It was also interesting reading that Doggerland was flooded due to tsunami caused by collapsing cliffs in Norway.

COVID – STATS. 5 DEC

One month after start of lockdown. Figures coming down but look at Wales to see what happens when lockdown is relaxed!


27.097.1023.1027.105.1112.1119.1126.115.12
North Somerset315379123177243304209142
Cornwall203129454765905925
Bristol46143228328350428480325168
Chelmsford4163681029194150115109
Exeter283341175154128146168132102
Braintree425860505894109115104
Plymouth306411613615018022513063
IoW101724304178785929
Liverpool51666056848733054527615897
Manchester

458483466415372250175
Sunderland274281297314309379412286161
Newcastle445456298294284376449320156
Swansea



397279231240368
Cardiff



301221156172247
Glasgow



286316275216147
Aberdeen



4136586161
Belfast



317226213158109
Newry



199140118106113

LA NINA

Last post on this was 22 October. We are having a cold spell, but the fires in California may also be related to the drier than normal weather. Expect higher than normal rainfall and floods in NW USA and Great Lakes region. La Nina explained. Australia largely wetter and Japan colder.

.

TOWN CENTRES

Interesting times. Debenhams and Arcadia are the latest to go. So High Streets will be changing. Weston-super-Mare High Street has nothing to offer me, and parking is a nightmare, difficult and costly. And has nothing to offer – chain stores, phone shops, charity shops, betting shops, tattoo parlours, etc. Apart from Boots, Waterstones and Smith’s there are no shops worth a look.

My ideal High Street would have craft shops and individual outlets, some cafes with own baked produce. But being realistic – the town centre is, as the name says, the centre of the urban development. So it needs great communication networks. I personally think we will move from large buses to smaller people carriers powered by batteries (8-10 people), which are very frequent, or summoned on demand?

So let me think – getting to the town centre; I can park outside the city and get a quick regular service into it. Why should I go there? Hmmmmn. I have not been to a town centre this year so I am probably not the right person to ask. But I would go to Wells or Glastonbury type centre for bespoke presents. Maybe town centres need to be seen as centres for young people?

ISRAELIS USE OPPORTUNITY

With Trump hopefully about to leave the White House, the Israelis seem to have used the opportunity for yet another assassination in Iran. Wonder whether Putin will see this as a shortening window to push into the Baltic states or strengthen his hand in the ‘stans. Erdogan is more difficult to call. Boisonaro in Brazil must be concerned that the carte blanche he had under Trump might disappear.

Brexit – negotiations heading for final denouement – both sides will blame the other regardless of outcome. I think there may be some agreement, but suspect it will not be good for either side. And to be honest it is us who have most to lose. The rest of Europe will carry on as normal. The bullshit we were told about leaving Europe will come home in a bad way.